The Importance of Public Speaking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Importance of Public Speaking - Essay Example The speakers could engage their audience members in various manners, for example, taking the assistance of diversion, talking in a genuine way, utilizing visual guides to add claim to their discourse, including (or evacuating) feelings out of their voice and timing the discourse in a viable way. The pace of discourse conveyance (that is words every moment) ought to be pondered with the goal that each individual could obviously hear every one of your words. The speaker should focus on his pitch and emphasis and work over voice balance to request most elevated consideration from the crowd. Fuse of vocal assortment in discourses is compelling quirk of catching crowd eye. Stops likewise have extraordinary noteworthiness in discourses and you should realize how to effectively utilize them. While giving us breathing space, stops likewise help strengthen the topic with the crowd allowing them to retain and ponder over issues of outcome. In this way, the speaker should utilize the delay with care drawing out most extreme favorable position out of it. The voice volume ought to likewise be controlled with the goal that everybody in the room hears your voice while you are not sounding boisterous in their ears. Enunciation must be rehearsed so every word is verbally expressed with clearness. The words should likewise be articulated accurately in the standard request of language. Outward appearances aid discourse conveyance. Be that as it may, you have to pick in advance which outward appearance would suit your discourse and practice on it. At long last, the speaker should rehearse before hand his discourse conveyance technique so when the day of Speech is a fine art that improves with training so the speakers should rehearse the specialty of discourse giving in private just as in broad daylight to ace it and become compelling open speakers. Over the span of discourse giving the conveyance ought to be balanced as and when required so the message is passed on to the crowd in a reasonable way. Furthermore, in conclusion, attempt to look at your crowd

Bipolar Disorder Essay Example

Bipolar Disorder Essay Example Bipolar Disorder Paper Bipolar Disorder Paper 2006, p. 18). Likewise, the confusion happens in the two people (National Institute of Mental Health, 2008). At the principal scene of bipolar issue, men experience hyper scenes while ladies encounters sadness. The more serious danger of the turmoil rests among individuals younger than thirty than among the more established individuals. Normally, the turmoil rises in the late puberty or youth and is further dynamic. However, now and again the manifestations vanish during a procedure of early mental turn of events. Up until now, the treatment that has been acquainted are just with improve the indications, to forestall hospitalizations, improve the personal satisfaction and guarantee the recuperation of a person to arrive at a typical working level (National Center for Biotechnology Information, 2008). One method of treating the confusion is by building up a treatment plan which includes a group of the clinical experts, family, and a youngster tolerant (Kidshealth, 2008). Through this, the patient is given drug, for example, temperament stabilizer and guiding, and checking of the patients condition. A state of mind balancing out specialist, for example, lithium, valproate, and carbamezepine are normally used to balance out temperament. Lithium is successful in treating hyper and sadness scenes with capacity of forestalling conceivable reoccurrence (National Center for Biotechnology Information, 2008). Valproate, and carbamezepine are additionally intended for hyper scenes even in serious states. In any case, examines show that a portion of these balancing out operators can cause hormone changes particularly among high school young ladies. Broad utilization may likewise prompt potential complexities. Different medicines for bipolar turmoil additionally incorporate family treatment which is finished by decreasing pain level inside the family. Intellectual conduct treatment may likewise diminish the side effects of the turmoil by changing the negative musings into positive contemplations. Moreover, relational and social beat treatment by improving the relational relationship and expanding the capacity to perform is likewise applied to treat the confusion. Moreover, it is fundamental that the patient and his family be instructed about the turmoil, its indications, and the way toward beating it with the goal that the patient won't be misconstrued as crazy. References Albrecht, A. T. , Moore, D. P. , Herrick, C. (2006). 100 Questions and Answers about Bi-Polar (Manic-Depressive) Disorder. Mass: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Basco, M. R. Surge, J. (2005). Intellectual conduct Therapy for Bipolar Disorder. New York: The Guilford Press. Blunt, E. (2005). Treating Bipolar Disorder: A Clinicians Guide to Interpersonal and Social Rhythm Theraphy. New York: The Guilford Press. Helmut P. R. , Riedel, E. M. , Heiby, S. K. (2001). Mental Behaviorism: Theory of Bipolar Disorder. The Psychological Record, Vol. 51. Hirschfeld, M. A. (2002). The Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Patients with Bipolar Disorder. American Psychiatric Pub. , Inc. Kidshealth. organization. (2008). Bipolar Disorder. Recovered June 11, 2008, from kidshealth. organization/youngster/your_mind/mental_health/bipolar. html. MedicineNet. com. (2008). Bipolar Disorder. Recovered June 11, 2008, from medterms. com/content/primary/workmanship. asp? articlekey=2468 National Center for Biotechnology Information. (2008). Characterizing and accomplishing the recuperation from bipolar confusion. Recovered June 11, 2008, from ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmed/16965184? dopt=AbstractPlus

Differences and Comparisons of Ethics Essay

At the point when we consider morals, we consider two words, fortunate or unfortunate. Through the historical backdrop of our reality, rationalists and researchers have concocted a few musings that incorporate a framework that we can use to figure out who and what is positive or negative. As a populace, we can utilize these various terms and kinds of moral hypothesis to figure out which style, structure, or conduct of morals fits with our convictions and culture. A portion of these various kinds of speculations incorporate temperance hypothesis, utilitarianism, and deontological morals. In spite of the fact that these all fall into the class of a hypothesis of morals and may appear to be comparable, they are likewise totally different. When taking a gander at the excellence hypothesis of morals, we can see that the term character can be utilized in the spot of temperance. As indicated by Ben (2007), the excellence hypothesis has attaches that compass back to the hour of Plato. Plato, and the prudence hypothesis, recommend that all people would be upbeat in the event that they would just handle the interminable Form of the Good as their rule. As opposed to the uprightness hypothesis, the utilitarianism hypothesis proposes that an individual present or have conduct of useful for the whole group or gathering. One of the issues related with this hypothesis as indicated by Boylan (2009) is that for any ethical hypothesis to work in a gathering, the gathering must initially go to certain terms of a general understanding. Knowing this and thinking on this announcement, there are barely any occasions throughout my life where a group or gathering of individuals meet up on any thought and concur on its sum. The deontological hypothesis propose a differentiating thought to the next two speculations, it recommends that there are includes inside the activities of the person that decide if it is correct or not. The main hypothesis was about the character of the individual, the subsequent hypothesis was about a gathering of people, this hypothesis includes the activities of an individual. The deontological hypothesis likewise recommends that an individual may accept that sincere goals are a higher priority than the outcomes. One individual experienceâ that rings a bell when expounding on these hypotheses. Numerous years back, I worked for an electrical temporary worker, his ethical ideas and mine were not the equivalent. His concept of maintaining a business was to offered a lot of lower than whatever other contractual worker, when truth be told, he got the activity, the work he applied was terrible and the materials were below average. He was unable to see the estimation of the work that w as performed by his representatives, he could have just offered more per work, paid his employees’ compensation that fit their position, and utilized materials that were considered fitting. His prudence or organization statement of purpose was; â€Å"get the activity done as efficiently as possible†. As a representative I can understand the significance of setting aside cash and utilizing marketing prudence to accomplish business orders, nonetheless, intentionally paying workers low wages, utilizing non name brand parts and offering lower than some other contractual worker for each activity is one ethic that I don't concur with. There are seven general moral classes utilized in characterizing the moral qualities and ethics individuals follow. Every class has various subsections and desires for a person’s conduct. A person’s ethics and moral convictions create from a blend of qualities from these different hypotheses; in this way the individual in question doesn't really fit cozily into one class. The main three moral speculations are deontological, utilitarianism, and ideals based morals †these are the hypotheses under assessment. Deontological Theory Also known as ‘duty-based’, ‘categorical imperative’, and ‘The Golden Rule’, deontology centers around â€Å"decisions about what’s right [based] on wide, dynamic all inclusive moral standards or qualities, for example, genuineness, guarantee keeping, reasonableness, steadfastness, rights (to security, protection, and so forth.), equity, duty, empathy, and regard for people and property† (Trevino, 2011, pg. 42). Individuals following this moral class accept moral standards layout the important commitments and obligations †standards created by scriptural or strict convictions and cultural or government laws. A deontological individual doesn't stress over the outcomes of a choice. Their interests center around obligation or good commitments. In an expert limit, the individual adheres to directions of administrators or bosses since it is their obligation to regard authority, regardless of whether the guidelin es are exploitative. Utilitarianism Theory The second most basic classification of moral conduct is additionally known asâ ‘consequence-based’ or ‘teleological ethics’. In this classification, individuals center around choices that bring about the most advantages for the best number of individuals in a general public. Utilitarianism morals applies to a great part of the dynamic in the business world, as an organization applies a push to turn out to be earth dependable and reliable. A trouble that emerges with utilitarianism is that the choices made can't represent each chance. This implies the individual is â€Å"unlikely to show up at a totally exact evaluation of every single future outcome [and] †¦ the privileges of a minority gathering can undoubtedly be yielded to support the majority† (Trevino, 2011, pg. 42). Prudence Ethics Prudence morals will in general fit in more with the deontological classification than with utilitarianism. In this classification, the emphasis is on using sound judgment since it mirrors the kind of individual one needs to be. A decent individual puts forth great choices and applies attempt â€Å"to develop greatness in all that [they] do and all that others do† (Boylan, 2009, pg. 133). In this classification, individuals adopt a customized strategy to dynamic that represents cultural desires as well as for how the individual needs to be seen, concentrating on the demonstration or choice rather than the results. Temperance morals are useful to individuals working in particular expert networks. An expert network or association, for example, doctors or attorneys, has a profoundly evolved set of moral norms. These principles give the individuals from the network rules to follow when attempting to be acceptable good operators. Individual Experience In a betting gambling club, deontological values are significant. In any situation, there are neighborhood, state, and government laws that oversee the exercises inside the club. State guidelines are particularly severe on how workers handle cash and betting chips. As a reconnaissance representative in a nearby gambling club, my deontological morals followed organization and state arrangements. On account of the conceivable legitimate repercussions, I decided to put state guidelines before organization commitments. There were irregularities in how the board dealt with cash †per state rules; documentation was required for each progression simultaneously. At whatever point I saw something completing not entirely orâ inappropriately, I archived each occasion. Following half a month of documentation, I found that the Washington State Gambling Commission delegate had never observed any of the desk work. This implied my prompt chief and the proprietors had covered the administrative work so the organization would not need to make the fundamental changes or potentially face fines for inappropriate treatment of cash. My ethics and qualities caused a moral issue since I realized that the organization was following inappropriate systems yet I additionally realized that advising the agent regarding the missing administrative work and ill-advised taking care of practices could cost me my activity. I decided to follow the more significant level obligations and commitments delineated by the state guidelines with an end goal to forestall the loss of the organization. This decision reverse discharges on me at long last †the executives terminated me since I educated the state agent regarding the issues. End Each moral hypothesis has its own guidelines and desires. There are sub-levels inside every classification that makes much increasingly changed choices. At the point when an individual knows their own qualities and ethics, it is simpler to distinguish which moral classification the person fits into. As such, an individual is progressively mindful of why the person settles on the choices the person does and can see different perspectives all the more plainly. There are various sorts of moral speculations. Moral speculations help to discover how an individual should act towards another or in a circumstance. The different sorts of moral hypotheses enables individuals to characterize what is correct and what's going on and how we make those suspicions. In spite of the fact that the three fundamental speculations of morals have a similar reason they are not quite the same as each other. The ethicalness hypothesis is the moral hypothesis likewise called character morals depends on the less on of what is moral. It depends on close to home conviction and sentiment of character. It â€Å"describes the character of an ethical operator as a main thrust for moral conduct, instead of rules (Wikipedia, 2012). Uprightness morals is character put together and centers with respect to helping individuals build up a superior character quality. As indicated by the content (2009), uprightness morals â€Å"take the perspective that in carrying on with your life you should attempt to develop greatness in all that you do and all that others do. These strengths or temperances are both good and non-moral.† It manages the ethical character of an individual as opposed to what is the more moral activity or what society anticipates from them. Utilitarianism expresses that something isâ morally right in the event that it is for more prominent's benefit of all. It is regularly utilized in the United States government on account of the rule of fulfilling everybody. As per Wikipedia (2012), it is the estimation between what is good and bad without result. An utilitarian is an individual who puts the need of others before their own. They accept that achievement is accomplished in general instead of exclusively. It depends on authentic convictions where the ethical worth depends on the general result. Deontological or â€Å"Duty† morals is the moral hypothesis that depends on one’s obligation to do the righ

Sinful Citizens Protestant Imagery in Chaucers Canterbury Tales - Literature Essay Samples

In 1381, John Wycliffe led a group of people disenchanted with the Catholic Church called the Lollards in an early Protestant movement. In this movement, he attacked the sale of indulgences, pilgrimages, the excessive class hierarchy in the Church, and the low moral and intellectual standards of ordained priests. Although his movement in essence failed, it gave way to future movements by figures such as Martin Luther, John Calvin, and even Henry VIII. It also influenced literature such as Geoffrey Chaucers The Canterbury Tales. The Canterbury Tales themselves are an account of pilgrimage filled with the profane corruption that Wycliffe and others opposed. Through The Canterbury Tales, and in particular the General Prologue, Chaucer uses both the physical and personal traits of the characters, and especially their deficiencies, to support Wycliffes ideas regarding the corruption of the Catholic Church and to encourage future Protestant efforts.One of Chaucers and the Protestants biggest contentions with the Catholic Church was the sale of pardons and indulgences. The pardons excused people from sins on earth and the indulgences paid off some of the time they would have been required to spend post-mortem in purgatory. The Pardoner, the obvious reference to the corrupt and sacrilegious notion of selling redemption, is made into a disgusting character in addition to his sordid occupation. He is described as having hair yelow as wex (677) that droops onto his shoulders in stringy clumps. His face is shaven and smooth, and he is likened to a gelding or a mare (693), a subtle allusion to his effeminacy. His rather repulsive exterior is an accurate representation of the immorality that lies beneath his surface. The Pardoner would stoop to anything to make money. He sang loudly to winne silver, as ful wel coude (715) and sold counterfeit religious relics to innocent people. These depravities further Chaucers slander of the Pardoner himself and pardons in ge neral. Portraying him as a very successful pardoner contrasts with his scummy appearance, and the two depict the treachery that blasphemy can affect on ones life an obvious refute to the benefits of pardons.Another purveyor of pardons, though not as overtly, is the Friar. In his representation of the Friar, Chaucer states that he would quickly give penance to his flock by insinuating that they would earn themselves favor in the next life if they showed charity to poor freres (232) in this life. Through his insinuation and its accompanying guarantee of a degree of exoneration, the friar manages to wheedle money out of unsuspecting Catholics. His theory was Ther as he wiste to have a good pitaunce. For unto a povre ordre for to yive, Is signe that a man is wel yshryve (224-226). In this case, he chose financial gain over the sacred duties he was sworn to as a member of the Church. Through this choice, Chaucer pokes fun at members of the clergy for their use of their position to further their own economic gain. Furthering that statement, the friar, although he technically was forced to beg for his daily bread, is dressed in attire of high quality, belying his status. For ther he was nat lyk a cloistered, With a thredbare cope, as is a povre scoler, But he was lyk a maister or a pope. Of double worstede was his semycope, That rounded as a belle out of the presse (261-265). The Friar, while a religious figure, obviously does not take the Biblical doctrines to heart.Though the Summoner is not a member of the clergy as is the Friar, he also exploited religious principles to suit his own needs. He terrorized random people he encountered with a summons to the ecclesiastical Church, and of cursyng oghte ech gilty man him drede, For curs wol slee right as assoillyng savith (662-3). He wielded this power as a sword, although few blows could be returned, as is evidenced by the bokeleer he maad hym of a cake (670). Chaucer uses the Summoner as a type of allegor y for the fear that Catholics felt at the hands of the clergy and lay people and as another reference to the corruptness associated with the Church. He is a strong contrast to early Renaissance ideas about the value of human life. In fact, he used his concubine in trade for merely a quart of win (651), quite obviously viewing people, and especially lower class people, as a commodity. In this, the Summoner mirrors the Catholic Church as a whole in its use of people as goods to be dealt with in whichever way was most suitable. But his corrupt use of the power vested in him in the Catholic Church is not the end of the Summoners flaws. He is described as red and pimply with boils enveloping his entire face, boils so deeply entrenched in his face that no ointment can rid him of them. He has black, scabby brows resting on narrow, lecherous eyes and a scraggly beard, hairless in places. His breath reeks of garlic, onion and leeks and his pores seep out alcohol. His rather repulsiv e appearance, and especially his skin problems, show that as a result of the corruption of his occupation, he is seemingly rotting from the inside. This display and his refusal to speak anything but Latin when he is drunk seems to be an allegory for the ridiculousness of the Church practices and their eventually destructive end.Chaucer portrays most of the religious figures in this tale as having the underlying and consuming drive for financial success. In contrast to the statutes of the order of monks, our Monk owns property and prides himself on the finer things. One would imagine that the monks of the time were devoted to helping and educating those around them and working as hard as they could to attain the further goals of the Catholic Church as a whole. In contrast, the Monk disdains menial labor and prefers hunting and acquiring wealth to doing anything to benefit society. He shows the extravagance present in even the meanest branch of the Church. He is said to be a mon k, but his dress of fine gray fur and puffy sleeves, his body and his property all tell him to be a lord. He was a lord ful fat and in good point (200). His abundance of horseflesh is nothing but the best and he uses a bridle that men myghte here, Gynglen in a whistlynge wynd als cleere, And eek as loude as dooth the chapel belle (169-171). By making the bridle metal and of high quality, Chaucer is again likening him to a lord, and the reference to its sounding like the chapel belle shows that the Monks loyalties revolve more around his horses than his Church. He represents the excess and personal gain present in the branches of the Catholic Church.As the Monk is likened to a lord, the Prioress tries to be seen as a lady. Her manners are beyond reproach, though almost meticulous to a fault; they reveal the effort behind them. She peyned hire to countrefete cheere, Of court (139-140). She sings beautifully, emulating one of the qualities that would have been well looked upon by higher classes. She is educated in French, as would be most ladies, but her education is from the scole of stratford atte bowe, For frenssh of parys was to hire unknowe (125-126). Through these attempts to better herself, Chaucer is commenting on the clergys quest for greater stature rather than greater faith or piety. However, despite these attempts, the Prioress fails in two ways. The first is something that no measure of training could change and that is her fair ferhee: it was almost a spanne brood (154-155). The broad and low forehead is an unmistakable sign of a lower class. The other is her true ruthlessness. Although she pretends to be affronted by even the merest spilling of blood by even the most paltry animal, she feeds flesh to her dogs. No amount of schooling can completely erase baser human instincts. Her base instincts are Chaucers way of deflating the infallibility of the Catholic clergy and bringing them down to a human level.Though there are other chara cters in the General Prologue that address the corrupting influence of the Catholic Church and the support of Wycliffes ideas, there are more significant inferences to be taken from the affirmative position of characters. It is of note that the characters involved in the Catholic system are the ones corrupted while men of faith that have remained outside the system remain pure.Although technically a man of God, the Parson is a man of the people. In contrast to the Friars position on absolution, the Parson pardons people of their sins because he feels strongly that their souls deserve it. He chooses his faith over money. He sette nat his benefice to hyre, And leet his sheep encombred in the myre (509-510). He is as well if not better educated than the other characters in the Tale, but he uses that power for good. He is poor, but he would rather give of his own money, than excommunicate one who would not tithe. He chooses to set a good example, rather than criticize people for the poor behavior just like his own. He thought, if gold ruste, what shal iren do? For if a preest be foul, on whom we truste, No wonder is a lewed man to ruste; And shame it is, if a prest take keep, A shiten shepherde and a clene sheep. Wel oghte a preest ensample for to yive, By his clennesse, how that his sheep sholde lyve (502-508). The piety of the Parson, a non-ordained priest, shows the purity that lies in religion outside the confines of the crooked Catholic institution. He is Chaucers ideal in a Protestant world; holy, yet not holier-than-thou, giving, responsible and moral. Through the Parson, Chaucer encourages readers to seek to better their souls, not their pocketbooks.The other moral fringe character is the Clerk. The Clerk was denied a bid from a parish and secular employment (293-294). The implied reason for that is that the Church is not interested in moral men. He was poor, which seems to be a Chaucerian statement of purity, and the little money that he d id obtain he spent on books and learning instead of showy property. He voluntarily prayed and sought to better himself, not through the Church, but through his own mind. The Clerk is an antithesis to the pompous and ignorant clergy members. Through the Clerk, Chaucer is illustrating that one can reach higher intellectual and moral levels through introversion and thought.Through all these characters, Chaucer shows the dos and do nots of religious life. He criticizes the current institution of the Catholic Church and provides better examples of what moral purity is. Echoing many of the ideas of Wycliffe and his followers, Chaucer calls for reform in the commerciality of religion. In his description of the Webbe et al, he says goon to vigilies all bifore, And have a mantel realities ybore (379-380). Through this line he is censuring the practice of going to mass for the purpose of showing off ones wealth or success as opposed to for the glory of serving God. Chaucer advocates t he simplifying of religion, reverting to simple clergy, with individual education of the Bible.

Thailand Highways Management Project Essay - 6796 Words

Thailand Highways Management Project (P075173) Group 3 1. Praphop Anantakoon St101942 2. Lam Quynh Tho St102016 3. Phan Thanh Nga St102056 4. Trinh Thi Kim Phuong St102015 5. Nguyen Thuy Hang St102062 6. Probal Dutta St101941 SOM, May 2005 TABLE OF CONTENT I - INTRODUCTION: 3 1.The rationale of the study. 3 2.The Project Background. 3 2.1. The Project Information: 3 2.2. The Project Organization: 3 II - THE PROJECT DESCRIPTION.. 4 1. The Project Logframe. 4 2.The Project Work Breakdown Structure. 8 3.The Project Cost Estimation. 9 4.The Project†¦show more content†¦2.The Project Background ------------------------ 2.1. The Project Information: The Thailand Highways Management Project (coded as P075173) is a big project covering three sectors, i.e., road and highways (80%), sub-national government administration (20%), throughout the northern areas of Thailand. It is sponsored mainly by the World Bank, accounting for 58% of the total investment capital, and with the counterpart fund presenting for 20% of the USD 146.39 total amount from the Royal Thai Government (hereunder mentioned to as RTG). This total amount is invested disbursed in a 5-year period for four majour programs implemented by the Department of Highways (hereunder referred to as DOH), Ministry of Transportation. 2.2. The Project Organization: DOH is government agency responsible for building and maintaining the national highways network around the country. DOH delegates the work to engineer department. Within the Department, each engineer is responsible for several supervisory works of the road construction and rehabilitation program including the work coordination with the ProjectShow MoreRelatedRice Pledging Schemes1363 Words   |  5 PagesThai Agricultural policies: Rice pledging scheme Thailand is among one of the most suitable regions on earth for agricultural industry. Therefore Thailand economy relies heavily on this particular sector. It intertwines seamlessly with the social structure. The fact is that Thai agriculture provides the very large source of food for the region and across the world, not to mention that, it supplies the raw materials to other industries and service sectors. It is also a key to sustainable economicRead MoreCase Study Management Functions Of Nissan Motor Company Essay1571 Words   |  7 PagesMilestone One: Nissan Case Study The purpose of this paper is to examine and evaluate the use of operational management functions used by Nissan Motor Company Ltd. The paper will prove to show how Nissan uses operations management functions to provide products and generate value for its customers. CPM and PERT will be discussed to see how they fit into the company’s operational and project management systems. Lastly, this paper will identify the steps used to developing a forecasting system and also supplyRead MoreBoon Rawd Brewery Company analysis(including PEST,SWOT,Porters Five forces analysis)6553 Words   |  27 Pagesanalysis12South Korea PEST analysis15Industry and Competitive Analysis-18Porters Five Forces Analysis of Beer Industry in Thailand (as Consolidated Industry)18Beer industry in Brazil19Beer industry in India19Beer industry in South Korea20Company Situation22Problem/Key Issue22References24Executive summaryBoon Rawd Brewery is an Asian brewery founded in 1933 by Boonrawd Srethabutra in Thai land which also makes and sells soft drinks. Their best known product is the pale lager Singha. Today, the company remainsRead MoreCaterpillar Inc.--Early 1990s Essay1983 Words   |  8 Pagesthe classic dilemmas facing the strategic planner whether in consumer or organizational markets. In addition, the shareholders at the big three automakers have sometimes had to force necessary changes. Evaluate Caterpillar Inc.s marketing and management strengths and weaknesses. Caterpillars Strengths: * Product-orientation, widely recognized, technologically superior product line; immediately integrating latest advances. * Most extensive dealer-service-parts network in the industry; recognizedRead MorePlest Analysis for Tescos and Water Aid Essay example2903 Words   |  12 PagesAnd Water AID PLEST is a strategic planning tool used to evaluate the impact political, economic, social, and technological, Legal and Environment factors might have on a project. It involves an organisation considering the external environment before starting a project. The PEST analysis is an important part of the project planning process: †¢ Political factors include areas such as tax policy, employment laws, environmental regulations, trade restrictions and tariffs and political stability. Read MoreAsean Economic Community (Aec) 2015 and Its Implication on4587 Words   |  19 Pagesdeepening and widening of regional cooperation since its founding, deepening its political and economic cooperation and fostering other types of cooperation. The five original members in 1967––Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand–– welcomed Brunei in 1984, Vietnam in 1995, Laos and Myanmar in 1997, and Cambodia in 1999. Consequently, ASEAN presently extends throughout Southeast Asia. 　　 ASEAN has implemented intra-regional economic cooperation since 1976. A Common EffectiveRead MoreCase Study : Operations And Project Management2796 Words   |  12 Pages Vivica L. Stokes Prof. Brian Dahl Course Title: Operations and Project Management Course Number: BUSN 6110 QDS22015 Date: May 30, 2015-05-30 Institution: Webster University â€Å"Quality Management – Toyota† Abstract Toyota Motor Corporation being the leading motor manufacturer in the world is now facing issues regarding quality management and there have been many cases in October 2009 when the initial recalls of Toyota vehicles in the United States of America was done. Toyota being its originRead MoreSalient Features of Indian Economy8291 Words   |  34 Pages Chinese and South African Markets besides setting up an assembly unit in Indonesia. 18. Videocon is planning to set up a compressor unit in China, with an investment of US$ 30 million. 19. Indorama which already has resin plants in Indonesia, Thailand, USA and Romania is planning to set up another plant in Lithuania with an investment of US$ 80 million. 20. Aurobindo Pharma has bought a pharma unit in China. Cadilla has bought the formulations business of a French company. 21. WIPRO has acquiredRead MoreDigital Bangladesh Problems and Prospects5229 Words   |  21 Pagescorruption, unemployment, illiteracy, poverty and price-hike. Even though without knowing Bangladesh has already gone through a bit of experience on digitization through few national level of ICT projects, such as, Chittagong Customs Automation System, selection process of teletalk mobile user through internet, project initiated by the previous government on machinereadable digital passport system and finally the successful computerization of national voter ID. However, we have full trust and faith in ourRead MoreEssay on Green Infrastructure4124 Words   |  17 Pagespipes to dispose of rainwater, green infrastructure uses vegetation and soil to manage rainwater where it falls. By weaving natural processes into the built environment, green infrastructure provides not only stormwater management, but also flood mitigation, air quality management, and much more. Programmes in green infrastructure Provides information on how you can get involved including ways to protect human health and the environment by raising awareness about potential threats to your drinking

Michelangelo Antonionis LEclise - 785 Words

Michelangelo Antonioni’s L’eclisse is a quiet and sad film with a theme of human detachment and alienation. He shows the difficulty of connection in an alienating modern world by focusing on the environment and isolation of characters. One of the first things that is strikingly noticeable in L’eclisse is Antonioni’s set-up of the environment. With the discordance of the music in the opening credits and the long shots that emphasize the empty space, we immediately get a sense of uncomfortable isolation in the beginning of the film. Antonioni throws us into the middle of an ending of a relationship. He starts the scene with a still shot of a lamp, then pans over to Riccardo sitting in silence, almost like another object. Then he quickly cuts to a shot of Vittoria on the opposite side of the room. This editing makes empty space a defining factor for this environment. Antonioni uses this focus on spacial distancing to alienate and isolate the characters. The t wo are clearly separated from each other, showing both a physical and emotional disconnection. Also, the motion of the camera seems to illustrate the disconnect in their relationship. The lack of dramatic movement by the camera represents the lack of emotional connection between them. Therefore, the motion of the camera illustrates the emotions of the character as much as what is actually framed within the image itself. There is also an obsession with touch, mostly on Vittoria’s part. With the constant lack in communication

Stakeholders of the Antiquities and Monuments Office of Hong Kong

Question: Discuss About Roles of Stakeholders of the Antiquities and Monuments Office of Hong Kong? Answer: Introduction Definition of Antiquities and Monuments Different institutions have different definitions for the words monuments and antiquities. According to the Antiquities and Monuments Ordinance 1976 of the Hong Kong Law, Antiquities are defined as the sites, buildings, places or structures erected, formed or built by humans and human agencies before the year 1800 and the remains or ruins of any such structure, site, place or building regardless of the fact that they have been restored, modified or have any additions after the year 1799. This also includes objects that are movable that can be shaped, made, painted, inscribed, carved, manufactured, created, modified or produced by humans before 1800 or the objects that have not been restored, added to or modified after the year 1799. The impressions, remains or fossils of these are also considered as relics according to the ordinance. The archaeological sites in Hong Kong are all considered the property of the Hong Kong government according to the Ordinance. The government of Hong Kon g has a list of monuments that are called declared monuments (Hong Kong Tourism Board, 2017). According to the ordinance, these are defined as any structure, artifact, building or feature that is important for the nation due to their paleontological, archaeological or historic significance. There are more than 180 sites all over Hong Kong that are considered sites of specific Archaeological significance. To include a monument into the list of declared monuments, the Antiquities and Monuments board is consulted and the approval of the Chief Executive or the Secretary of Development is required, after which the building, site, structure or place is declared a monument. In order to excavate, plant or cut trees, deposit earth or demolish any monument or proposed monument, a permit is required from the Secretary of Home Affairs failing which the action is forbidden. Some of the historical buildings are declared proposed monuments for temporary statutory protection. The World Monument Fun d has defined a monument as any structure that was constructed only for commemorating a person or event that has been of significance to a group of people however the term is loosely used for any structure or building that is of any historical or architectural significance or is a part of the cultural heritage of a place or people (AMO Team, 2014). Purpose and Structure of the Report This research report is made with an intent to thoroughly study the work, roles and responsibilities, structure, functioning, background, historic records and authority of The Antiquities and Monuments Office (AMO) of Hong Kong. In this research, we have covered how the Antiquities and Monuments Office of Hong Kong defines the Antiquities and Monuments, the history and background of the board from its year of establishment to the current roles and responsibilities, the functions that it fulfills, and its various policies. We have also looked into the stakeholders of the Antiquities and Monuments Office of Hong Kong and how each of them contributes to the functioning of the organization. The stakeholders of the Antiquities and Monuments Office of Hong Kong can be classified into four categories, these are public stakeholders, private stakeholders, the volunteers and the Hong Kong government. The report also covers an in depth study of how the Antiquities and Monuments Office of Hong K ong has impacted the Hong Kong tourism industry (Hong Kong Tourism Board, 2017). The use of historic monuments and their promotion as national heritage is done by the Antiquities and Monuments Office of Hong Kong to attract the tourists from all over the world. These monuments are often located at the heart of the city and occupy all the prime locations. It also works the other way round when the place starts developing due to the attraction that the monuments serve as. Their energy embodied in the structures is radiant and this attracts visitors towards them. Another reason the Hong Kong government takes care of and promotes the historic monuments is that they involve minimal cost as compared to the development of a completely new tourist attraction and have a higher mass appeal. However the development and promotion of historical monuments come with a price and the bodies planning to do so have to face certain challenges. The most dominant of these being the difficulty faced in re building damaged or demolished structures (Fan Yim, 2011). The material and method used for building these is very different to the ones that are currently used. There are also certain disputes associated with the development of these. The government restricts the institutions from disturbing the ancient monuments and this prevents the authorities sometimes to conduct restoration and rebuilding activities on these monuments. This report therefore concludes with the understanding of all major responsibilities of the Antiquities and Monuments Office of Hong Kong and goes through its working and the activities carried out by them (McNulty Koff, 2014). The Antiquities and Monuments Office of Hong Kong History and Background Cultural Heritage is a symbol of pride for every nation. It is a part of their history and memories and is of utmost importance to them. The relics, antiquities and monuments of the country provide the citizens of Hong Kong with a sense of continuity and belonging. They let us have a look at all that the nation has been through and the unique past of the fusion of the eastern and western fusion that this country has been through. The Antiquities and Monuments Office (AMO) of Hong Kong and the Antiquities Advisory Board (AAO) were established in the year 1976 as a part of the Leisure and Cultural Services of Hong Kong by the enforcement of The Antiquities and Monuments Ordinance by the government of Hong Kong. This was done to make sure that the popular monuments of Hong Kong are protected appropriately (Rypkema, 2008). The Executive Secretary presides the Antiquities and Monuments Office. The office comprises of well qualified staff, which is organized into five sections. These secti ons are Archaeology, Historic Buildings, Education and Publicity, Technical and Advisory functions respectively. The secretariat and administrative support is provided to the Antiquities Advisory Board as well as the Antiquities and Monuments Office. The Antiquities and Monuments Office is presently managed by the Leisure and Cultural Services department of the Hong Kong government (Jiang Homsey, 2008). The Antiquities and Monuments Office is based in the building that was formerly the Kowloon British School. It is the oldest school building in Hong Kong that is still functional. It started its operations as the Kowloon British School in the year 1902. The architecture type of this building is similar to the Victorian Era architecture and is typical of a number of schools constructed at that time. This building itself is a declared monument by the Antiquities and Monuments Office. Roles and Functions The Antiquities and Monuments Office was established for the protection of the heritage and historical monuments of Hong Kong. Housed in the building that once was the Kowloon British School, this organization is responsible for preservation and safeguarding of the Hong Kongs historic monuments (Pedersen, 2002). The major tasks that they have to carry out involve the identification, research and record maintenance of the items of historical interest and buildings in Hong Kong. To understand the duties and responsibilities of the Antiquities and Monuments Office, one needs to first understand the purpose for which this institution was formed. The Antiquities and Monuments Office is responsible for maintaining and developing the written and photo archives of the heritage sites of Hong Kong, recording, identifying and researching about the sites and structures that may be of historic significance to the nation. They also conduct and organize surveys, researches and excavations of the bu ildings and items of historic and archaeological significance. They organize the drives to carry out restoration, maintenance and protection of the monuments. The Antiquities and Monuments Office also evaluate and review the influence of development projects on the monuments and heritage sites and take measures to mitigate the effects. Another responsibility of the Antiquities and Monuments Office is to promote and make people aware of the heritage of Hong Kong and the historic monuments. They carry this out by various programs and activities like exhibitions, tours, lectures, heritage trails, events and workshops. The Antiquities and Monuments Office also provides support to the Antiquities Advisory Board in conservation and protection of the places of historical and archaeological interest in the country (Government, 2015). Policy The Antiquities and Monuments Office works for the conservation and preservation of the places of historic significance to the country of Hong Kong. The Government of Hong Kong earmarks a fixed amount of money to e used by them to carry out the development, promotion, restoration, excavation, maintenance etc. The government has asked the AMO the details of the work to be done on the monuments including the objectives for the task, timelines for the same and the performance indicators. The policy of the Antiquities and Monuments Office continues to be the promotion, preservation and conservation of the heritage monuments and sites in Hong Kong. Hong Kong as a nation has only gained heritage conservation consciousness in the late 1990s. Since then the Antiquities Advisory board has carried out country wide surveys in which the size of the built heritage of the nation has been recorded to be of about 8800 buildings, structures and sites. The Antiquities and Monuments Ordinance was const ituted for this very purpose (Globe Media, 2009). It aims at stopping the destructions and negligence towards the heritage sites and conserve them as they tell the story of the nations past and the rich cultural inheritance. The Roles of Stakeholders of the Antiquities and Monuments Office of Hong Kong Public sector The Antiquities and Monuments Office is an institution formed by the Government has been widely accepted by the public and their efforts are applauded by many. The people are happy with the work that they are doing and are in full support of the organization and their work. The general public of Hong Kong actively participates in the surveys and contributes to the growing database of The Antiquities and Monuments Office (Chan, 2015). The people also actively take part in the workshops and promotional events held at the heritage sites. The number of people visiting the heritage trails developed by The Antiquities and Monuments Office is also increasing day by day with the increase in the awareness and knowledge of the monuments and heritage sites among the public of not just Hong Kong but also all over the planet. Private sector The Antiquities and Monuments Office has got a lot of support both financially and in the form of resources like the required machinery, tools, human resource etc. from the private organizations of Hong Kong. There are a lot of cases in which the AMO carried out the restoration activity of the heritage sites with the help of the private organizations of Hong Kong. The clubs of the AMO like the Young Friends of Heritage have always got mass support and participation from the private organizations (Chai, 2013). Volunteers The volunteers are the backbone of an institution like The Antiquities and Monuments Office. There is a huge turn up of the individual volunteers and volunteer groups in the events and activities of the AMO. They provide assistance and have always lent a hand to the AMO in times of need. The volunteers provide their services and stand for the preservation of the monuments and heritage sites (Turner, 2016). They make the events organized by The Antiquities and Monuments Office a success every time and spread the information about the rich cultural heritage of Hong Kong in order to make others aware and discerning towards the history of the monuments, sites and structures that make up our cultural heritage. Government A number of government bodies and institutions have supported and stood for The Antiquities and Monuments Office in times of need and in general. The Center of Urban Planning and Environment Management, The Hong Kong Institute of Planners, Architects, Landscape Architects and Surveyors and The Hong Kong Geography Department extend their help and guidance during the planning process for the organization. The Leisure and Cultural Services department of Hong Kong takes care of the functioning of the organizations as per the government directive and the AMO has full monetary and non monetary support of the government in the process of preservation, conservation and promotion of the cultural heritage of Hong Kong (Legislative Council Secretariat, 2015). The other government bodies associated with the working of the Antiquities and Monuments Office of Hong Kong include The Commissioner for Heritages Office that was established on 25th April 2008 and which falls under the Development Bureau , The Hong Kong Governments Central Conservation Section and The Urban Renewal Authority, which is a semi government body that takes care of the urban development in Hong Kong (Schwab, et al., 2015). The Impacts of the Antiquities and Monuments Office on Tourism The Antiquities and Monuments Office that was set up under the Leisure and Cultural Services Department of Hong Kong is responsible for preserving, protecting and conserving the cultural built heritage and archaeological sites of Hong Kong. As a nation, Hong Kong has come a long way from what it once was. Most of its heritage sites and monuments still stand right in the middle of the skyscrapers and urban life as good as they were years ago (Hong Kong Tourism Board, 2015). The diverse cultural heritage of the country is evident in the historic sites and structures and each of these is a spectacle in itself. Hong Kong tourism is a never ending contrast between the new and the old with the ancient structures standing tall among the urban jungles. Before the enforcement of The Antiquities and Monuments Ordinance in the year 1976, the heritage sites of Hong Kong were neglected, sparsely and independently maintained. The ordinance led to the formation of the Antiquities and Monuments Offi ce, which has now taken over the responsibility of maintaining, preserving and conserving the heritage sites of Hong Kong. This step has made the tourism sector of Hong Kong a little more organized and has given a boost to the culture and its perceived value in front of the world. The tourism industry in Hong Kong has flourished and a triple digit percentage growth has been observed in the visitor percentage since the AMO began promoting the heritage sites as places of tourist attraction. The heritage tours and trails have also observed an increase in participation and the people are more aware and knowledgeable about the country (Jiang Homsey, 2008). Their perception towards Hong Kong has changed and evolved and it is not just a holiday travel destination anymore, but also a place of rich cultural heritage and historic monuments. Thus the Antiquities and Monuments Office has impacted the tourism industry positively and made it a place of historic relevance and even more popular. The benefits of Using Historical buildings The basic idea behind developing historical buildings as heritage sites and making use of them is the conservation of resources. The redevelopment and restoration of these buildings is not only less time consuming as compared to building or development of new tourist attractions, but this also makes use of the past investment of time and energy made in it, thus preservation and reuse of the existing historic structures is considered a more effective way (McNulty Koff, 2014). Another major reason for the conservation of heritage sites is that these structures, monuments and sites are of historical and cultural importance to the nation. They represent the history and the story of the past of that place. While some buildings need to be maintained in their exact shape and form, most of the historic buildings can be utilized for activities and public interactions. This makes the place change with the changing times, hence making it even more significant for all of the coming generations as it increases the number of stories that the monument tells to its visitors (Tourism Commission, 2016). The preservation and maintenance of the historic places were considered a luxury previously, but the researchers have proved that this practice is in fact a sustained act that helps in the development of the local economy. Preserving the historic structures and buildings attracts visitors and this creates jobs and generated the capital in large amounts. The act of preservation of historic monuments helps in generating revenue for the country and is an investment that gives off great returns. The heritage sites also attract historians and researchers from all over the world who help in further promotion of not just the monuments or heritage site but also the country as a whole. The Challenges of Using Historical Buildings The first and foremost challenge that the Antiquities and Monuments Office faces when the decision is taken to use a historic building as a heritage site is that the excavation and restoration work for that place is to be done. This comes with a lot of challenges and difficulties of its own. The construction method and process of these is very ancient and to be able to replicate that is an impossible task. All these monuments are different in built and structure, from the other and the process developed and used for one cannot be reused (School, 2014). The construction materials, hidden details and their construction techniques require a lot of thinking, planning and preparation. There is no documentation done as a proof of the structure and built of the sites and therefore there are surprises that come up at the time of the excavation or restoration. The monuments and buildings are generally constructed in a complex shape and structure and this has to be assessed in the process as w ell. The historic significance of the structure of the structure has to be maintained without compromising on its safety level. This is another challenge that the AMO faces. Another challenge that comes when promoting the heritage sites as tourist places is that the people generally have a perception that is already in their minds regarding the historical places that they visit. The visitors emotional state at the heritage site has to be understood and such sites must be marketed accordingly. The site also has to measure up to the mental image that is built in the minds of the visitors failing which the attractiveness of the site is eventually going to diminish. Some of the historic sites that were discovered on the private properties of the people could not be developed as heritage sites, this led to the depletion of their condition and value. The government of Hong Kong in such a case is unable to promote and develop that site. In order to develop the site as a heritage site, it m ust be made accessible and easy to reach (Tsui, 2015). This is another challenge for the Antiquities and Monuments Office when the sites that are newly discovered are to be promoted. The historic sites are very important for both the cultural and economic development of Hong Kong, but this comes with a price and the challenges that the AMO has to overcome for their development are also great. The pollution caused by the vehicles and industries also poses a threat to the monuments and their appearance. The pollutants in the air corrode and crumble the monuments, due to which they lose their attractiveness and the actual looks are also lost. Case Study of Heritage 1881 The 1881 heritage site was constructed in the year 1884 and is located at Tsim Sha Tsui in Kowloon, Hong Kong. Serving as the Hong Kong Marine Police Headquarters from the 1880s to the year 1996, it is a place of great historic relevance. The more than 120 year old site is now surrounded by the countrys greatest shopping destination and the Star Ferry Terminal. Other places of relevance around the 1881 Heritage site are the Hong Kong Clock Tower, The Avenue of Stars, Hong Kong Museum of Art and the Harbour City Mall. This site is illuminated everyday at night which transforms it from a heritage sightseeing place to an attractive photography site. Presently the 1881 Heritage site houses the heritage hotel, various luxury shops, bars, restaurants and fine dining places. The site is made up of a main building a block and a signal tower also known as the Round House. The site lost a part of its surrounding ground in the 1970s when the area was leveled to develop the Kowloon Park Drive. T he main building was originally two storied structure and the third story did not exist until its construction in the 1920s. The 1881 Heritage site is one of the four oldest buildings of Hong Kong that are still surviving. The entire compound of the site is a declared monument according to the Antiquities and Monuments Office of Hong Kong since the year 1994. The site was named after it earlier use as The Former Marine Police Headquarters Compound. This has officially been renamed as the 1881 Heritage site now (Tsui, 2015). The Marine Police that once had its headquarters in the compound of the 1881 Heritage site have now merged with the Hong Kong Police Force and serve as a unit in the same. The Old Kowloon Fire Station in the compound of the 1881 Heritage site has been redeveloped into a heritage hotel that houses retail facilities and outlets for food and beverages. It also comprises of an exhibition hall, communicating the transforming journey of the heritage site. The designs of the complex resemble those of the monuments built during that period. It is a combination of the neoclassical and Victorian architecture (School, 2014). The complex also contains the cells where the pirates and smugglers caught by the marine police were imprisoned. The enclosures on the walls of the site were used to keep pigeons who used to carry the messages sent to the ships that were on the harbor to carry out ship to shore communication. The most famous monument in the complex is the Time Ball Tower. This tower was in use from 1885 to 1907 to tell time to the travelling ships. A ball was mounted on a pole in the tower and this was lifted manually every morning and was dropped at 1 pm every day. This allowed the sailors to recalibrate their chronometers to the accuracy of one tenth of a second before departing from the country of Hong Kong for their designated destinations. Conclusion This research has been conducted to know and understand the roles and responsibilities of the Antiquities and Monuments Office of Hong Kong. The Antiquities and Monuments Office (AMO) of Hong Kong and the Antiquities Advisory Board (AAO) were established in the year 1976 as a part of the Leisure and Cultural Services of Hong Kong by the enforcement of The Antiquities and Monuments Ordinance by the government of Hong Kong. This was done to make sure that the popular monuments of Hong Kong are protected appropriately. The Antiquities and Monuments Office was established for the protection of the heritage and historical monuments of Hong Kong. Housed in the building that once was the Kowloon British School, this organization is responsible for preservation and safeguarding of the Hong Kongs historic monuments. Their key responsibilities include identification of the historical monuments, recording their history and significance and researching further about them. They also carry out sur veys and excavations in the areas that are of historic and archeological significance. The AMO conducts awareness programs, exhibitions, workshops, tours, lectures etc. regularly to involve the people and the visitors and make them aware of the rich heritage of the Hong Kong culture. The Antiquities Advisory board has carried out country wide surveys in which the size of the built heritage of the nation has been recorded to be of about 8800 buildings, structures and sites. The Antiquities and Monuments Office is an institution formed by the Government has been widely accepted by the public and their efforts are applauded by many. It has also got a lot of support both financially and in the form of resources like the required machinery, tools, human resource etc. from the private organizations of Hong Kong. There is a huge turn up of the individual volunteers and volunteer groups in the events and activities of the AMO. They provide assistance and have always lent a hand to the AMO i n times of need. A number of government bodies and institutions have also supported and stood for The Antiquities and Monuments Office in times of need and in general. The Antiquities and Monuments Office has impacted the tourism industry positively and made it a place of historic relevance and even more popular. The tourism industry in Hong Kong has flourished and a triple digit percentage growth has been observed in the visitor percentage since the AMO began promoting the heritage sites as places of tourist attraction. The heritage tours and trails have also observed an increase in participation and the people are more aware and knowledgeable about the country. The basic idea behind developing historical buildings as heritage sites and making use of them is the conservation of resources. Thus the preservation and reuse of the existing historic structures is considered a more effective way. While some buildings need to be maintained in their exact shape and form, most of the histor ic buildings can be utilized for activities and public interactions. Preserving the historic structures and buildings attracts visitors and this creates jobs and generated the capital in large amounts. The act of preservation of historic monuments helps in generating revenue for the country and is an investment that gives off great returns. The organization, however, also faces a lot of challenges when using the heritage sites as places of tourist attraction. The monuments and buildings are generally constructed in a complex shape and structure and this has to be assessed in the process. The historic significance of the structure of the structure also needs to be maintained without compromising on its safety level. In the second part of the study, we have learnt about the 1881 heritage site, its history, previous and current significance. This report is for academic purposes only and has been conducted to mainly study the working of the Antiquities and Monuments Office of Hong Kong and its significance. References AMO Team (2014) Antiquities and Monuments Office (AMO): Annual report, Available at: https://www.lcsd.gov.hk/dept/annualrpt/2013-14/en/cultural/amo.html Chai, W. (2013) Introduction to Tourism, Available at: https://www.edb.gov.hk/attachment/en/curriculum-development/kla/pshe/nss-curriculum/tourism-and-hospitality-studies/Tourism_English_19_June.pdf Chan, C. (2015) An Old Object in a Futuristic World: Re-Imagining Hong Kong through Its Clock Tower in the Eyes of Western Settlers and Local Citizens, Available at: https://cross-currents.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/e-journal/photo-essays/cs_chan.pdf Fan, I. Yim, J. (2011) Hong Kong Tourism Industry, Available at: https://www.hangseng.com/cms/tpr/eng/analyses/PDF/ecof_e_2011apr.pdf Globe Media (2009) Hong Kong: Guide, Available at: https://www.grospiron.com/medias/documents/guides/guide-hongkong.pdf Government, H. (2015) Travel and Tourism, Available at: https://www.yearbook.gov.hk/2015/en/pdf/E18.pdf Hong Kong Tourism Board, (2015) Legislative Council Panel on Economic Development: Work Plan for 2015-16, Available at: https://www.tourism.gov.hk/resources/english/paperreport_doc/legco/2015-02-09/HKTB_Work_Plan_2015_16_eng.pdf Hong Kong Tourism Board, (2017) Antiquities and Monuments Office. [Online] Available at: https://www.discoverhongkong.com/nz/see-do/culture-heritage/historical-sites/colonial/antiquities-ad-monuments-office.jsp Jiang, X. Homsey, A. (2008) Heritage Tourism Planning Guidebook: Methods for Implementing Heritage Tourism Programs in Sussex County, Delaware, Available at: https://www.ipa.udel.edu/publications/HeritageTourismSussexCo.pdf Legislative Council Secretariat, (2015) Hong Kong's tourism industry, Available at: https://www.legco.gov.hk/research-publications/english/1415rb06-hong-kongs-tourism-industry-20150805-e.pdf McNulty, R. Koff, R. (2014) Cultural Heritage Tourism: Livable Communities, Available at: https://www.livable.org/storage/documents/reports/CBC/culturalheritagetourism.pdf Pedersen, A. (2002) Mannaging Tourism at World Heritage Sites: UNESCO, Available at: https://whc.unesco.org/uploads/activities/documents/activity-113-2.pdf Rypkema, D. (2008) Benefits of Cultural Heritage Tourism, Available at: https://history.sd.gov/Preservation/OtherServices/CHTBenefits.pdf School, M. C. (2014) HK Heritage Past Exhibition, Available at: https://www.hongkongheritage.org/HKHeritagePastExhibition/Remembering%20Our%20Urban%20Legacies%2C%202014/EN_exhibit_urban%20legacies.pdf Schwab, K. et al. (2015) The Travel Tourism Competitiveness Report 2015, Available at: https://www3.weforum.org/docs/TT15/WEF_Global_TravelTourism_Report_2015.pdf Tourism Commission, (2016) Hong Kong: The facts Tourism, Available at: https://www.gov.hk/en/about/abouthk/factsheets/docs/tourism.pdf Tsui, T. (2015) Summer Institute on Creativity in Teaching University Writing 2013, Available at: https://www.english.cityu.edu.hk/en/portal/summerinstitute2014/TST.pdf Turner, R. (2016) Travel Tourism: Economic impact 2016: World Travel Tourism Council, Available at: https://www.wttc.org/-/media/files/reports/economic%20impact%20research/regions%202016/world2016.pdf